Washington Votes Forum

Impotence causes - All about Impotence(erectile dysfunction, ED).
What if an employer or teacher does not threaten an employee or student, but rather makes a sex-related offer of an undeserved pay rise or course grade? Assuming that is not a threat masquerading as an offer, nor a coercive offer of the sort discussed by Nancy Tuana, it seems to present a problem for this understanding of sexual harassment. The employer or teacher is not unfairly imposing a burden on the employee or student, but only offering an option that can be declined without incurring a penalty. Such conduct is obviously wrong in that it amounts to abuse of power that comes with the position. But will it count as sexual harassment, if such harassment is interpreted in terms of a right to fair employment or study opportunities? The recipient of such an offer is surely not being harassed, since the law requires that whatever is to count as sexual harassment must be unwelcome to the person harassed, and such an offer may not be unwelcome to her.
This problem can be tackled in two ways. One is to grant that, unlike sexual threats, sexual offers should not in themselves be considered quid pro quo sexual harassment. Such offers may still amount to hostile environment harassment, when they are unwelcome to the recipient and persistent enough to cause unreasonable interference with her work or study performance.
Alternatively, it might be argued that we need to take into account other employees or students. They could claim that this sort of sexual favoritism is unfair to them. It is unfair that they should have to earn job rewards or class grades in the usual way, by meeting the work-or study-related standards, while the recipient of the sexual offer gets them on grounds utterly irrelevant to those requirements. Moreover, when this sort of thing takes place at work, and the work-related benefits are distributed from a limited supply, sexual favoritism will adversely affect other employees' prospects. When it takes place at a university, it will tend to debase the currency of grades, and thus unfairly reduce the value of all the grades earned in the usual way. For these reasons, such sexual offers in the workplace or in class should count as quid pro quo sexual harassment after all. To be sure, calling them sexual harassment will perhaps sound strained. But this may not be a decisive objection. For "sexual harassment" is not an ordinary language term, but rather a technical, legal one; therefore its use need not always be constrained by ordinary usage.

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